Principles of Inheritance and Variation - NCERT Based MCQs for NEET

This article contains NCERT based 45 MCQ questions test on Biology chapter "Principles of Inheritance and Variation". You can attempt these questions in the form of an interactive quiz and calculate your score. Read the below quiz rules carefully before you start

General Instructions

• Quiz contains 45 questions of 4 marks each.
• Correct answer (✔) will award you +4 marks and Incorrect answer (✘) will give you -1 mark.
• Total test is of 180 marks.
• Tap on box in order to select any option that you think is correct.
• Press the Submit button given in the end of quiz to calculate your score.
• There is a PDF file attached in the end of quiz. You can see detailed solutions to all questions and do self analysis from that file as well.

Question 1. All genes located on the same chromosome:

(1) Form different groups depending upon their relative distance.

(2) Form one linkage group.

(3) Will not from any linkage groups.

(4) Form interactive groups that affect the phenotype.

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Question 2. Conditions of a karyotype 2n±1 and 2n±2 are called:

(1) Aneuploidy

(2) Polyploidy

(3) Allopolyploidy

(4) Monosomy

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Question 3. Distance between the genes and percentage of recombination shows:

(1) a direct relationship

(2) an inverse relationship

(3) a parallel relationship

(4) no relationship

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Question 4. If a genetic disease is transferred from a phenotypically normal but carrier female to only some of the male progeny, the disease is:

(1) Autosomal dominant

(2) Autosomal recessive

(3) Sex-linked dominant

(4) Sex-linked recessive

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Question 5. In sickle cell anaemia glutamic acid is replaced by valine. Which one of the following triplets codes for valine?

(1) G G G

(2) A A G

(3) G A A

(4) G U G

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Question 6. Person having genotype IA IB would show the blood group as AB. This is because of –

(1) Pleiotropy

(2) Co-dominance

(3) Segregation

(4) Incomplete dominance

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Question 7. ZZ/ZW type of sex determination is seen in:

(1) Platypus

(2) Snails

(3) Cockroach

(4) Peacock

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Question 8. A cross between two tall plants resulted in offspring having few dwarf plants. What would be the genotypes of both the parents?

(1) TT and Tt

(2) Tt and Tt

(3) TT and TT

(4) Tt and tt

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Question 9. In a dihybrid cross, if you get 9:3:3:1 ratio it denotes that:

(1) The allels of two genes are interacting with each other

(2) It is a multigenic inheritance

(3) It is a case of multiple allelism

(4) The allels of two genes are segregating independently.

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Question 10. Which of the following will not result in variations among siblings?

(1) Independent assortment of genes

(2) Crossing over

(3) Linkage

(4) Mutation

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Question 11. Mendel’s Law of independent assortment holds good for genes situated on the:

(1) non-homologous chromosomes

(2) homologous chromosomes

(3) extra nuclear genetic element

(4) same chromosome

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Question 12. Occasionally, a single gene may express more than one effect. The phenomenon is called:

(1) multiple allelism

(2) mosaicism

(3) pleiotropy

(4) polygeny

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Question 13. In a certain taxon of insects some have 17 chromosomes and the others have 18 chromosomes. The 17 and 18 chromosome-bearing organisms are:

(1) males and females, respectively

(2) females and males, respectively

(3) all males

(4) all females

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Question 14. The inheritance pattern of a gene over generations among humans is studied by the pedigree analysis. Character studied in the pedigree analysis is equivalent to:

(1) quantitative trait

(2) Mendelian trait

(3) polygenic trait

(4) maternal trait

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Question 15. It is said that Mendel proposed that the factor controlling any character is discrete & independent. This proposition was based on the:

(1) results of F₃ generation of a cross.

(2) observations that the offspring of a cross made between the plants having two contrasting characters shows only one character without any blending.

(3) self pollination of F₁ offsprings

(4) cross pollination of parental generations

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Question 16. In the F₂ generation of a Mendelian dihybrid cross the number of phenotypes and genotypes are:

(1) phenotypes - 4; genotypes - 16

(2) phenotypes - 9; genotypes - 4

(3) phenotypes - 4; genotypes - 8

(4) phenotypes - 4; genotypes - 9

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Question 17. Mother and father of a person with ‘O’ blood group have ‘A’ and ‘B’ blood group respectively. What would be the genotype of both mother and father?

(1) Mother is homozygous for ‘A’ blood group and father is heterozygous for ‘B’.2

(2) Mother is heterozygous for ‘A’ blood group and father is homozygous for ‘B’.

(3) Both mother and father are heterozygous for ‘A’ and ‘B’ blood group, respectively.

(4) Both mother and father are homozygous for ‘A’ and ‘B’ blood group, respectively.

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Question 18. Which of these represents an allele for the shape of the hairline in humans?

(1) growth of facial hair at puberty

(2) development of gray hair with age

(3) male pattern baldness

(4) widow's peak

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Question 19. Suppose a trait has two alleles, M and m. If one parent is homozygous for the recessive trait, what is that parent's genotype?

(1) MMm

(2) mm

(3) Mm

(4) MM

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Question 20. What are the organisms that result from a mating between two true-breeding parents that differ by just one trait?

(1) second filial generation, or F₂ generation

(2) first filial generation, or F₁ generation

(3) first offspring generation, or F_O generation

(4) parental generation, or P generation

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Question 21. Human blood types are determined by three different alleles. What type of inheritance pattern is this an example of ?

(1) multiple alleles

(2) incomplete dominance

(3) codominance

(4) sex-linked genes

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Question 22. Sometimes the phenotypes of both parents are expressed in the offspring. What type of inheritance is this an example of ?

(1) codominance

(2) incomplete dominance

(3) multiple alleles

(4) sex-linked genes

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Question 23. What is the principle that explains how homologous chromosomes separate into different gametes during meiosis?

(1) principle of incomplete dominance

(2) principle of segregation

(3) principle of independent assortment

(4) principle of sex-linked genes

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Question 24. What is the ratio of dominant to recessive traits that Mendel found in the F₂ generation of garden peas?

(1) 3 to 1

(2) 9 to 3

(3) 1 to 3

(4) 1 to 2

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Question 25. What is a segment of DNA whose sequence of nucleotides codes for a specific functional product?

(1) a gene

(2) a trait

(3) a genome

(4) a factor

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Question 26. What are the organisms that result from a mating between members of the first filial generation?

(1) parental generation, or P generation

(2) homozygous generation

(3) second filial generation, or F₂ generation

(4) second offspring generation, or SO generation

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Question 27. What type of mutation in somatic cells is a normal part of development in many animal species?

(1) translocation

(2) frameshift mutation

(3) point mutation

(4) gene amplification

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Question 28. What is a type of mutation in which one base pair changes into a different one?

(1) frameshift mutation

(2) point mutation

(3) gene amplification

(4) translocation

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Question 29. What is a type of mutation in which one or two base pairs are inserted or deleted from the DNA?

(1) nonsense mutation

(2) point mutation

(3) frameshift mutation

(4) translocation

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Question 30. Multiple allelism is observed in –

(1) flower colour in snapdragon

(2) pod colour in Pisum sativum

(3) haemophilia in human

(4) ABO blood types

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Question 31. The graphical representation to calculate the probability of all possible genotypes of offspring in a genetic cross was developed by –

(1) Gregor Johann Mendel

(2) Kornberg

(3) Har Gobind Khorana

(4) George Gamow

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Question 32. Genes which code for a pair of contrasting characters called

(1) factors

(2) traits

(3) alleles

(4) gametes

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Question 33. Mendel conducted hybridisation experiments on garden peas for

(1) 7 years

(2) 6 years

(3) 5 years

(4) 4 years

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Question 34. Two plants one with black flower and other with white coloured flower were crossed in an experiment. In next generation grey coloured flowers were obtained, the reason for the result is -

(1) incomplete dominance

(2) pseudodominance

(3) codominance

(4) None of the above

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Question 35. If a child has blood group 'A' and his mother has blood group 'A' then what are the possibilities of blood group of his father

(1) 'A'

(2) 'O'

(3) 'B'

(4) All of these

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Question 36. Mendel proposed something was being stably passed down unchanged from parent to offspring called

(1) genes

(2) genotype

(3) factors

(4) alleles

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Question 37. Skin colour in man is an example of

(1) sex-linked inheritance

(2) multiple allelism

(3) pleiotropy

(4) polygenic inheritance

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Question 38. Choose the wrong statement.

(1) Failure of segregation of chromatids during cell division results in aneuploidy.

(2) Additional copy of X-chromosome in males results in Klinefelter's synrdome.3

(3) Closely located genes in a chromosome always assort independently resulting in recombinants.

(4) According to Mendel, recessive character never blend in heterozygous condition.

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Question 39. The frequency of crossing over occurring between two genes located on the same chromosome depends on –

(1) length of the chromosome

(2) position of the centromere

(3) activities of two genes

(4) distance between two genes

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Question 40. Which of the following factor was used by Alfred Sturtevant to measure the distance between the genes and mapped their position on the chromosome?

(1) Total recombination

(2) Frequency of recombination

(3) Parental gene combination

(4) Non-parental combination

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Question 41. Who rediscovered the Mendel's principles?

(1) Huxley

(2) Aristotle

(3) Correns

(4) Elder

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Question 42. Two genes R and Y are located very close on the chromosomal linkage map of maize plant. When RRYY and rryy genotypes are hybridised then F2-generation will show

(1) higher number of the recombinant types.

(2) segregation is expected in 9:3:3:1 rate.

(3) segregation in 3:1 ratio.

(4) higher number of parental types.

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Question 43. Experimental verification of the chromosomal theory of inheritance was given by –

(1) Gregor Johann Mendel

(2) Hugo de Vries

(3) Langdon Down

(4) Thomes Hunt Morgan

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Question 44. Walter Sutton is famous for his contribution to –

(1) genetic engineering

(2) totipotency

(3) quantitative genetics

(4) chromosomal theory of inheritance

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Question 45. In Morgan's experiments on linkage, the percentage of white eyed, miniature-winged recombinants in F₂ generation is –

(1) 1.3

(2) 37.2

(3) 62.8

(4) 73.2

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Detailed Solutions

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